The U.S. and four other countries reached a “meaningful agreement” aimed at breaking the logjam on a broader international framework on climate, President Barack Obama said on Friday.
The proposal, which next goes to the full U.N. summit of nations here, includes a way to verify reductions of heat-trapping gases that cause global warming.
It also would require each country to list the actions it will take to cut global warming pollution by specific amounts.
The deal reiterates a goal set earlier this year on long-term emissions cuts and provides a mechanism to help poor countries prepare for climate change.
The agreement was reached after a meeting among Obama, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao
, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Brazilian President Luiz Lula da Silva and South African President Jacob Zuma.
Obama and Wen, representing the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, met privately earlier Friday.
Wen told delegates that China's voluntary targets of reducing its carbon intensity by 40 percent to 45 percent will require "tremendous efforts."
"We will honor our word with real action," Wen said.
As negotiations evolved, new drafts of the document, titled the Copenhagen Accord, emerged with key clauses being updated and modified. Later drafts said rich countries should cut their greenhouse emissions by at least 80 percent by 2050.
A clause was dropped that had called on developing countries to reduce emissions by 15-30 percent below "business as usual," that is, judged against the level had no action been taken.
No binding treaty for now
Some
drafts called for a legally binding treaty within six months or no
later than December 2010. Earlier, one draft completely left out the
goal of a binding treaty next year.
The original aim of the two weeks of talks here was to agree to a legally binding treaty to succeed the Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012. But when that became impossible, nations agreed to work towards a treaty next year.
With the climate talks in disarray, Obama and Wen met twice Friday in hopes of sweeping aside some of the disputes that have barred a final deal. The second time was with several other leaders, not a bilateral meeting as earlier reported.
Officials said the two leaders took a step forward in their first set of talks and directed negotiators to keep working, but the degree of progress was not immediately clear.
Obama also met with the leaders of Australia, Britain, France, Germany and Japan. Also participating in the talks were developing countries Ethiopia, Bangladesh and Colombia, among others. China and Russia, both seen as key participants in the talks, also were present.
It was the second meeting of the day for the group. Obama headed into the first meeting right after arriving. Wen skipped the high-level meeting a second time and sent another envoy instead.
'Roller coaster' diplomacy
Meanwhile, other leaders were working on a potential deal with greenhouse gas emission cuts that could work, said U.N. Environment Program Director Achim Steiner.
Diplomats and leaders had only a handful of hours left for high-level talks to find the "miracle" answer that the Brazilian president said was needed for more than 110 heads of state to sign a deal at the conference's finale.
Frustration and discouragement outweighed hope in the addresses by world leaders to the conference Friday.
"It's a roller coaster of emotions," Steiner said. He said the chance of a meaningful deal was now better than 50-50, but the talks were "in crisis mode" and weary negotiators could still scuttle an accord with one or two outbursts.
"(But) a deal is on the table, it is doable," Steiner said.
Many delegates had been looking toward China and the U.S. — the world's two largest carbon polluters — to deepen their pledges to cut the emissions of greenhouse gases tied to accelerated global warming. But that was not to be.
China
has been criticized at the two-week offering stronger carbon emissions
targets and for resisting international monitoring of its actions.
After a morning meeting with 20 leaders, including Obama, French
President Nicolas Sarkozy said progress in the climate talks was being
held back by China.
Blaming the U.S.
And the U.S. got its share of blame.
"President Obama was not very proactive. He didn't offer anything more," said delegate Thomas Negints, from Papua New Guinea. He said his country had hoped for "more on emissions, put more money on the table, take the lead."
Obama may eventually become known as "the man who killed Copenhagen," said Greenpeace U.S. Executive Director Phil Radford.
An early draft of the climate agreement, obtained by The Associated Press,
called for rich countries to mobilize $30 billion over the next three
years to help poor countries cope with the effects of global warming,
scaling up to $100 billion a year by 2020.
But it called for continued negotiations on targets for emission cuts, with a deadline of a climate conference in Mexico City in December next year.
The lack of progress meant Obama changed the word "agreement" from his prepared speech to negotiators to "framework I just outlined."
United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon told climate negotiators that "the finishing line is in sight," reminding them that "the world is watching."
Angel or wise man around?
And
Brazilian President Luiz Lula da Silva told negotiators how frustrated
he was that the job was left to heads of state after the talks ran
until just before dawn Friday.
"I am not sure if such an angel or wise man will come down to this plenary and put in our minds the intelligence that we lacked," Lula said. "I believe in God. I believe in miracles."
To move the talks forward, Lula said Brazil, a developing country, would give money to help other developing countries cope with the costs of global warming.
In a diatribe against the U.S., Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez criticized the climate conference as undemocratic.
"There is a document that has been moving around, all sorts of documents that have been moving around, there is a real lack of transparency here," he said. "We reject any document that Obama will slip under the door."
The conference has been plagued by growing distrust between rich and poor nations. Both sides blamed the other for failing to take ambitions actions to tackle climate change. At one point, African delegates staged a partial boycott of the talks.
"It is now up to world leaders to decide," said Swedish Environment Minister Andreas Carlgren.
Carlgren, negotiating on behalf of the 27-nation European Union, blamed the Friday morning impasse on the Chinese for "blocking again and again," and on the U.S. for coming too late with an improved offer — a long-range climate aid program announced Thursday by U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton.
'Nothing ambitious in text'
A leading African delegate complained bitterly about the proposed declaration.
"It's weak. There's nothing ambitious in this text," said Lumumba Di-Aping of Sudan, a leader of the developing nations bloc.
Any agreement was expected, at best, to envision emissions-cutting targets for rich nations and billions in climate aid for poor countries, but fall well short of the goal of a legally binding pact.
If the political deal is done, it would still be seen by many as a setback, following two years of intense negotiations to agree on new emissions reductions and financial support for poorer nations.
China and the U.S had sought to give the negotiations a boost on Thursday with an announcement and a concession.
Clinton said Washington would press the world to come up with a climate aid fund amounting to $100 billion a year by 2020, a move that was quickly followed by an offer from China to open its reporting on actions to reduce carbon emissions to international review.
That issue — money to help poor nations cope with climate change and shift to clean energy — seemed to be where negotiators at the 193-nation conference could claim most success.
Pollution cuts and the best way to monitor those actions remained unresolved. And negotiators also didn't come to an agreement on an important procedural issue — just what legal form a future deal would take.
Source: msnbc.com
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